最佳植物保育方法
支持物种在野外生存
CPC最佳实践:为什么保护稀有植物?
乔伊斯Maschinski 
克里斯蒂娜·沃尔特斯 全世界有五分之一的植物物种面临灭绝的危险. Growing concerns for the loss of plant genetic diversity and species’ extinctions, as well as advancing know-how to make successful conservation collections, motivates CPC Network scientists to collect seeds from wild populations and bank them.
The great diversity of plants throughout the world helps define our sense of place and our cultural heritage. Plants have great economic value—providing food, shelter, medicine, and the basis of our livelihoods.
尽管人类已经储存种子几千年了, most of our knowledge about the efficacy of storing seeds derives from plants that have food value. 与此形成鲜明对比的是, 我们对野生物种的了解较少, and there are great differences in seed traits between crops and wild species. Wild species that are rare and endangered pose challenges to seed banking.
自1984年以来, 植物保护中心(CPC), 由世界一流的植物研究机构组成, 一直在进行稀有植物物种保护. By 2018, CPC 参与机构 collectively held over one-third of the globally rare North American plant species (over 1400 taxa) in conservation collections within botanic gardens. 制作和利用我们的珍稀植物收藏, CPC scientists have developed expertise and have experienced many triumphs and challenges. Our research on endangered plants has resulted in peer-reviewed publications covering pillars of plant conservation practice including seed storage behavior, 发芽, 传播, 遗传学, 和恢复. 30多年了, CPC scientists have collaborated to generate CPC Best Practice Guidelines that form the basis of rigorous plant conservation practice worldwide. We understand nuances of making conservation collections from wild habitats; we document the species’ 发芽 and storage requirements; we adhere to genetic considerations while collecting, 维护, and reintroducing the species to the wild; and we have expertise in reintroduction science.
Why Should We Make Conservation Collections of Rare Plant Species?
- CPC values biological diversity and believes that preserving the diversity of species and biological communities is essential to human welfare.
- Preventing untimely extinction of populations and species is possible through conservation actions and stewardship.
- Rare plant species have special attributes that make them vulnerable to extinction. Our conservation collections help us better understand rare species and ultimately can help sustain species survival in natural settings.
如果我们要抑制植物灭绝, there is an urgent need to involve more people in good conservation practice. Our updated CPC Best Practice Guidelines reflect updated knowledge about best scientific practice. We wish to overcome barriers for botanical institutions seeking to expand their conservation programs by providing the most up-to-date methodology needed to engage in important plant conservation work. The intention of the 中共稀有植物研究院 is to provide an active channel of communication and learning for emerging and seasoned rare plant curators that can lead to widespread understanding and adoption of best practices, as well as discourse when gaps are identified or changes are needed. 最终, we know that preventing plant extinction will require more institutions making high-quality rare plant conservation collections in support of species’ survival in the wild.
中共稀有植物研究院 offers all of us targets we strive to hit in our plant conservation practice. We welcome you to join the conversation and to contribute to the science and to the stories about how practice improves through experience. 请 报名 为我们的 在线社区 利用我们的稀有植物专家网络.
从哪里获得额外的帮助
As you read the sections, you may find unfamiliar terms or concepts that stimulate further questions. 我们邀请您参加我们的 论坛 to get answers from the plant conservation scientists who authored these methods. 大胆的深绿色 Words将提供一个弹出式词汇表定义. We encourage newcomers to explore additional explanations we provide in Frequently Asked Questions and the 补充材料 section or contact us at info@gjw9w.leiyu916.com 个性化的援助.
谁应该使用这些指南?
种子科学是一个迅速发展的领域. 跟上科技和实践的变化, the 凯时官网的最佳实践 will be a “living” document that is reviewed and updated periodically. 这些指导方针将有助于有经验的种子收集者, 种子银行专家, 以及稀有植物保护的新来者.
参考文献
土地管理局. 2016. 收集的技术协议, 研究, and conservation of seeds from native plant species for Seeds of Success.
植物保护中心，1996年. 制定珍稀植物重新引种计划的指引. 恢复多样性第453-490页. D. A. 福尔克,C. I. 米勒,米. Olwell、编辑. Island出版社，华盛顿特区.
福尔克,D. A.和K. E. Holsinger. 1991. 稀有植物的遗传与保护. 纽约，牛津大学出版社. 联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO). 2014. Genebank standards for plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. 罗马,意大利. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3704e.pdf.
Guerrant E. O., Jr., K. 天堂,米. 胡扯,编辑. 2004. Ex situ plant conservation: supporting species survival in the wild. Island出版社，华盛顿特区. Maschinski J., M. A. 阿尔布雷特,我. 僧侣,和K. E. 哈斯金斯. 2012. 植物保护中心 best reintroduction practice guidelines.第277 -306页. Maschinski和K. E. 哈斯金斯、编辑. 在气候变化中重新引入植物:希望和危险. Island出版社，华盛顿特区.
千禧年种子银行伙伴关系. 2015. “MSB伙伴关系集合”的种子保护标准.英国皇家植物园.
沃尔特斯,C. 2015. 正统, recalcitrance and in-between: describing variation in seed storage characteristics using threshold responses to water loss. 足底242:397 - 406.
维兰德,G. D. 1995. 正统种子管理指南. 植物保护中心，圣. 路易.